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bored but can't be bothered to do anything. VDOT Materials Certification Schools. Verifying that the correct pipe has been delivered for the applications on your project.
The components of an underdrain system are: 1) Trench 2) Non woven geotextile drainage fabric 3) Perforated longitudinal pipe (min. # u
When backfill is below spring line of pipe, compact next to pipe first and work towards the trench wall. This section covers the installation and testing of all sewer pipe furnished under the following specification sections: Concrete, SPECIFICATION FOR PIPE SUBSOIL DRAIN CONSTRUCTION 1. ;5&6+Hv:#'Wg}]V.0;'|[c
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Vdot Soils And Aggregate Compaction - Fill Online, Printable, Fillable VDOT: Soils and Aggregate Compaction Certification Proficiency Exam Grade Adjustment of Existing Miscellaneous Structures 600-8 3. 32-02.05 Precast Manhole Sections and Castings. Road and Bridge Standards.
VDOT: Soils and Aggregate Compaction - Community College Workforce Alliance VDOT Soils and Aggregate Compaction 2016v1.0 Appendix D | 1 4 in.) x 12 in./ft. General: Submit the following in accordance with The General Conditions. SECTION 33 41 03 POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PIPE, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS SECTION 03461 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE MANHOLES AND MANHOLE BASES. True or false: A soil that contains a high percentage of fines is more affected by water that one with a low percentage of fines. As a reminder, all certification courses are available either online or through a self-study option at the respective community colleges. This happens because large pores more effectively move water downward through .
PDF Establishing Theoretical and Target Values for Density and Moisture Content The diameter of the mandrel at any point shall not be less than the allowable percent deflection of the certified actual mean diameter of the pipe or culvert being tested. Section Includes: Furnishing and installing nonreinforced concrete sewer pipe. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 11 0 R 12 0 R 21 0 R 25 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
We developed this course with the input of 30-year inspection managers, engineers, and other industry experts. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Request PDF | Advanced fatigue and rutting characterisation of Polish asphalt mixtures based on the VECD model and viscoplastic shift model | The advanced asphalt mixture performance-related . X, `| Computer-based testing (CBT) allows NICET to extend several benefits to our customers: more flexible exam dates and appointment times; immediate scheduling and confirmation; and quicker exam scoring. - 2000, If you believe that this page should be taken down, please follow our DMCA take down process, Something went wrong! One (1) copy of application and four (4) copies of plans are hereby made to the Director of Public Works, SECTION 02612 PART 1 GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. 18) What is the minimum amount of cover over pipe to prevent damage from construction loads? Post installation inspections shall be conducted no sooner than 30 days after completion of installation and placement of final cover (except for pavement structure). SECTION 02630 STORM DRAINAGE PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 RELATED DOCUMENTS A.
VDOT Materials Certification Schools - Business | Virginia Department In a flexible pipe this zone must protect the pipe from distortions due to loading extend to 12 above pipe. bKjL,gBZqa>,\w To prevent sloping soils from becoming. Pipe should be stored in an out of the way location where it will not be damaged. Rock more than 2 inches in its greatest dimension shall not be placed within 12 inches of pipe. Trenching, Backfilling and Compacting: 02223, DRAINAGE MATS For Vertical: Flow 15-P For Horizontal: Flow 18-H, City of West Linn Public Works Standard Construction Specifications. Consistency refers to the texture and firmness of a soil. endobj
Structure Earthwork: 02200. For questions or concerns regarding MCS grades or certification status, contactus at MaterialsCertification@vdot.virginia.gov. Senior Transportation Construction Inspector to join us in VDOT's Northern Virginia to inspect all phases of construction on highway construction and maintenance projects.To oversee, monitors .
(PDF) Recycled Concrete Aggregated for the use in Roller Compacted The mandrel shall be pulled through the pipe or culvert by hand with a rope or cable. SECTION 02612 NONREINFORCED CONCRETE SEWER PIPE, Division 2 Section 32 14 13.19 Section 02795. 1 4 INSTALLATION OF PIPE AND TESTING OF PIPE BACKFILL LEARNING OUTCOMES Understand basic pipe and soil concepts and how they relate to preconstruction issues Understand fundamental trench concepts and pipe installation procedures Understand inspection requirements and backfill testing frequencies and procedures Understand the basic principles of pavement drain construction INTRODUCTION A well installed pipe should stay in service 50 to 100 years with little or no repair. Fine particles are more sensitive to the presence of water than coarse particles. - 2000, Related Features Cleaning, Inspecting, and Testing Storm Sewers C. Cleaning and, SECTION 33 41 13 PUBLIC STORM PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 SECTION INCLUDES A. When performing a manual visual inspection: There must be adequate crawl/walking space and VDOT Safety Policy and Procedure #8 Confined Space Entry Policy and Procedure must be followed. Nebraska Department of Roads Drainage and Erosion Control Manual December 2011 Appendix C: Pipe Material Policy Page C-1 PIPE MATERIAL POLICY, SECTION 33 31 00.11 GRAVITY SANITARY SEWERS, DIVISION 2 - SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE SECTION 02720 - STORM DRAIN SYSTEMS PART 1 - GENERAL, SECTION 36 - CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE PIPE (CIPCP) TABLE OF CONTENTS, San Antonio Water System Standard Specifications for Construction ITEM NO. 0
12) How long after installation is complete can the video inspection can be done? If you have questions, please provide us with the course title and number when e-mailing or calling. 57 stone is not required; seat stone in trench. 55 terms. Geotechnical Bulletin PLAN SUBGRADES, SECTION 701 CULVERT PIPE, ENTRANCE PIPE, STORM SEWER PIPE, AND EQUIVALENTS, SECTION 33 05 16.13 PRECAST CONCRETE UTILITY STRUCTURES, Specification Guidelines: Allan Block Modular Retaining Wall Systems, Section 2 Specification 2.18 Concrete and/or Corrugated Steel Storm Sewer TABLE OF CONTENTS, SECTION IV - TESTS AND INSPECTIONS PART 1 - GENERAL. The CCWA is hosting the following courses, which are available in a traditional (instructor-led) format or as a self-study option, allowing the students to challenge the Materials Certification exams: For more information on CCWA courses and registration click hereor contact CCWA at 804-523-2290 or 804-523-2292. endstream
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Traffic information for existing VDOT maintained roadways can be obtained at the following internet
Provisions. Section includes specifications for storm drainage systems including modifications and connections to existing storm drainage systems. Students must bring valid ID & attend class in order to test. 0 vdot soils and aggregate certification AASHTO T180 The Moisture Density Relations of Soils using a 10-pound Rammer and an 18-inch drop. Bierolson. This zone contains the same select quality backfill material as in the haunch zone for flexible pipe. (Provide three) a) b) c) 2) Explain when a rock correction is utilized and what happens to the laboratory maximum dry density and optimum moisture values after a rock . What is the moisture content at which soil can be compacted to its maximum dry density with the least amount of comparative effort called? The pipe should be stacked and chocked to avoid movement of the pipe. The compaction equipment will ride on the native soil and not allow for proper consolidation of backfill. Please check your spelling or try another term. 2. container, large spoon, and 1.1 lbs. 1 0 obj
Single Offset: This joint first appeared in the early 1990 s. This style of spigot is much easier to manufacture. Manhole Backfill Frequency Example: Depth of Backfill = 9 feet Depth of Backfill (ft.) 5 ft. = Depth of Backfill below top 5 feet 1) 9 ft. 5 ft. = 4 ft. 2) 4 ft. x 3 lifts/ft. This section includes construction of reinforced concrete pipe for storm drainage, culverts, and sanitary sewer, including, BMP: SUBSURFACE DRAIN Definition A perforated conduit such as pipe, tubing or tile installed beneath the ground to intercept and convey ground water.
PDF Pavement Design Guide for Subdivision and Secondary Roads in Virginia (Make a Mark on Outside of Pipe) Moving pipe around after joining may cause pipe joint to work apart. VDOT Soils and Aggregate Compaction 2016v1.0 Appendix B | 2 -z`a0y Do not compact directly on pipe as it may damage the pipe. The proctored 1 hour, 1-on-1 proficiency test is required to fully complete the VDOT Soils & Aggregate Compaction certification. GRIT Manual.
1103 POINT REPAIRS AND OBSTRUCTION REMOVALS 1103.1 DESCRIPTION: 1. RIPRAP From Massachusetts Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines for Urban and Suburban Areas http://www.mass.gov/dep/water/laws/policies. Compaction testing on No. If you are currently participating in VDOT's Materials Certification Schools, you can access your Materials CertificationReports via the VDOT University Virtual Campus: VDOT University Virtual Campus Users connect at: https://VirtualCampus.VDOT.Virginia.gov . Stagger tests to ensure consistent compactive effort has been achieved. Fill Vdot Soils And Aggregate Compaction, Edit online. 11) Pipe openings in precast drainage structures shall not exceed the outside cross sectional dimensions of the pipe by more than how much? Specifications i.
VDOT Soils and Aggregate Compaction: Chapter 1 - Quizlet What is the behavior of a material where the material deforms under load and does not return to its original shape called? Soils will not need to obtain a VDOT Soils and Aggregate Compaction Certification. Contractor shall be responsible for all utility fees. hb```f``2f`@( For registration assistance, questions or concerns, please contact: The MCS courses are currentlybeing delivered through a partnership between VDOT, the Virginia Education Center for Asphalt Technology (VECAT) with Germanna Community College (GCC)and the Community College Workforce Alliance (CCWA). SCOPE Pipe subsoil drains shall be constructed in accordance with this specification and in conformity with the lines, grades and cross-sections shown, 402.02 Section 402. Work shall consist of furnishing and constructing a Rockwood Classic 8 with PCS unit segmental retaining wall, Appendix C: Pipe Material Policy Page C-1 PIPE MATERIAL POLICY Policy: This policy will replace all previous policies regarding the selection of pipe material for cross drains, drive pipe, drop pipe, storm, SECTION 33 31 00.11 GRAVITY SANITARY SEWERS PART 1: GENERAL 1.01 SCOPE A. Work shall consist of furnishing and constructing a Rockwood Vintage TM unit segmental retaining wall (SRW), CONCRETE SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL SYSTEM PART 1: GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 1.01 Work Included A. This type of joint provides a leak resistant joint when a profile gasket is used. bc the dense gradation provides more strength by filling voids. 2) 108 in. 0
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Drainage Manual. A drained pavement structure has a higher bearing capacity that can effectively support traffic loadings, and lead to long lasting pavement at the least maintenance cost. ]6)[mesog)!df{9IsRC cS /%INL Students must bring valid ID & attend class in order to test. Bell and Spigot: A pipe with a flared bell has the outside diameter of the bell larger than the outside diameter of the pipe. The function of the pipe, the soil type present in the trench, the depth of the pipe can all influence the type of pipe selected. 1.01 Testing - General, June 2007 CHAPTER 7 - CULVERTS 7.0 CHAPTER 7 - CULVERTS 7.1 GENERAL, HDPE PRODUCTS QUALITY, PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMY COMBINED, Chapter 3 CULVERTS. 11 terms. (Road and Bridge Spec. General: Submit the following in accordance with The General Conditions. materials (soils, aggregate and asphalt) in the field, the Geotechnical firm shall be responsible for the continuous monitoring of the placement and compaction of aggregate base materials, asphalt concrete pavement and the placement and compaction of earthwork and backfill of trenches and structures to ensure compliance with the Specifications. False. VDOT Soils and Aggregate Compaction: Chapter 3. <> Additionally, a copy shall be furnished to local VDOT Asset Management personnel to document the pipe/culvert condition at that point in time. Walls that carry extra, TECHNICAL NOTE Culvert Sliplining and Lining of Casings with HPPipe TN 5.14 February 2010 Introduction It may be at times necessary, in an aging infrastructure, to rehabilitate drainage and sanitary lines, SECTION 33 41 00 REINFORCED CONCRETE PIPE PART 1 GENERAL 1.01 SECTION INCLUDES A. The following shall serve as the minimum requirements for contractors performing work in relation to the Authority s potable water and sanitary sewer system(s), appurtenances and service connections. %PDF-1.4 List benefits of drainage 2. June 21st, 2018 - 2018 Soil Classification and Compaction Proficiency Samples 177 according to the AASHTO or the data sheet Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the . ]1YW'; q=A D0Yf BD0A8 Dh s @!2au28!w)#Nb=` L
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In this research work three methods of handling rock sized aggregates which include compacting the whole sample (method . 17) Once the system has been installed, it is critical that inspection is performed to ensure that there are no areas that are crushed, clogged or otherwise non functioning. Furnish and install culvert pipe, entrance pipe, and storm sewer pipe.
PDF Soils and Aggregate Field Certification Study Guide - Virginia SECTION 15076 CEMENT-MORTAR LINED AND COATED STEEL PIPE. AASHTO T99 The Moisture-Density Relations of Soils using a 5.5-pound Rammer and a 12-inch drop. 3 0 obj
Proper haunching provides support to ensure the pipe s strength is achieved. Identify typical construction, 02530-1 of 5 SECTION 02530 STORM DRAINAGE STRUCTURES 02530.01 GENERAL A. 17) What is the minimum amount of cover over pipe allowed for design loads? Pipe openings in precast drainage units shall not exceed the outside cross sectional dimensions of the pipes by more than a total of 8 inches regardless of the placement of the pipe, their angles of intersection, or shapes of the pipes. How heavy should the hammer be? A trench at the edge of the pavement provides a cavity with the least resistance for water to flow and accommodate pavement drainage. Copyright 2023, VDOT. The behavior of a material where the material deforms under load and does not go back to its original shape is called plasticity. 3. Please click on the course title to see the full course description. 4 in.) This section includes all labor, materials, equipment, and incidentals required and installation of Polyvinyl Chloride, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS SECTION 03461 PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE MANHOLES AND MANHOLE BASES PART 1 - GENERAL A. 71 terms. stiffness 35 psi) is the collecting conduit 4) Aggregate backfill (#8 or #57) 5) Non perforated smooth wall outlet pipe (min. Enrollment can be completed on through Germanna Community College or CCWA. If the soils is 100 percent saturated and the voids are full of water and has a high MC. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage.
5) True or False. 2016v1.0 Chapter 4 10, 11 Place Bedding Stable and uniform bedding must be provided for the pipe and any protruding features of its joints and/or fittings. Cracks shall be digitally scanned to allow for accurate measurement. 16) What is the level of compaction required for pipe backfill? hb```f````2X@(
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VDOT Soils Flashcards | Quizlet The initial backfill of select Type I backfill protects the pipe during installation from impact damage and extends to the springline of the pipe. 9) The outlet pipe is connected to the back of the end wall. The video camera inspection is to be conducted with a VDOT representative present. The inspection can be conducted manually if adequate crawl/walking space and ventilation is available to safely conduct the inspection and the individual(s) conducting the inspection have undergone training on working in confined spaces in accordance with VDOT s current Safety Policy and Procedure #8 Confined Space Entry Policy and Procedure General, or the inspection can be conducted with a video camera. Lane provides the complete product line to meet all your HDPE drainage needs -, Chapter 3 CULVERTS Description A culvert is a closed conduit used to convey water from one area to another, usually from one side of a road to the other side. American Water Works Association Figure 4.3: Minimum Cover to Allow Construction Traffic over Pipe 2016v1.0 Chapter 4 3, 4 The following tables give VDOT specifications for maximum height of cover for some types of pipe. These items shall conform to Section 31, "Storm Drain Installation," of these Standard Provisions. 1100 SLIP-LINING SANITARY SEWERS 1100.1 DESCRIPTION: This item shall consist of slip-lining sanitary sewer pipe, which is accomplished by pulling or pushing liner pipe into existing sewers by. Page 1 of 6 SECTION 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Pipe Materials B. There is still an opportunity to test on the last day of class; however there is . Lime is used with soil to add strength to the mixture, to raise the pH of the mixture, to assist in drying out soils, and to reduce soil plasticity. What classification systems does VDOT use to classify soils? Community College Workforce Alliance | The Mission of CCWA is to meet .
vdot soils and aggregate certification - shopatcrisp.com aggregate from the same source, or break up the material . Trenching should be completed in existing soils with sidewalls reasonably vertical to the top of the pipe. Where applicable, pulleys may be incorporated into the system to change the direction of pull so that inspection personnel need not physically enter the pipe, culvert or manhole. Washington, View Details - Municipal Corporation, Bathinda. Figure 4.1: Precast Concrete Pipe 2016v1.0 Chapter 4 1, 2 BASIC PIPE AND SOIL CONCEPTS The type of pipe selected for a particular application depends on many factors. These heavy loads can cause considerable damage in flexible pipes and can cause D load cracking in rigid pipes. %%EOF
1. CON 310 Soils and Aggregates (Soils and Compaction) Homework Name:_____ 1) Why is it important for material testing technicians understand how to perform both the nuclear density test and the sandcone test for compaction testing? False. Additional temporary fill is needed to protect the pipe from construction loads.
PDF Virginia Department of Transportation Soils and Aggregate Compaction 2016v1.0 Chapter 4 11, 12 Types of Joints for Concrete Pipe Tongue & Groove: A bell & spigot type joint with straight walls (flush bell). or structures. 6) Line the trench with the non woven drainage fabric. Soil compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space between them (Figure 1). The joint consists of a tongue (male end) and groove (female end) with no defining areas for gasket material placement. If the inspection is conducted manually, the person performing the inspection may use a standard video camera or a digital camera to document any observed deficiencies. of the rammer used to compact the soil or soil and aggregate mixture in the mold and the number of layers placed into the compaction mold for compaction.
The foundation is to be explored below the bottom of the excavation to determine the type and condition of the foundation.
VDOT - Certifications Classes - Community College - Modern Campus CULVERTS AND BRIDGES 7-5 7.7. Soiltight joints provide protection against infiltration of backfill material containing high percentage of coarse grain soils, and are influenced by the size of the opening (maximum dimension normal to the direction that the soil may infiltrate) and the length of the channel (length of the path along which the soil may infiltrate). Description Removal or abandonment of existing utilities and underground structures shall include, but not necessarily, 155 E. Front Street (rear) Lititz, PA 17543 Phone (717) 625-1930 Fax (717) 625-1931 Bethel Township Municipal Authority (BTMA) RESIDENTIAL SEWER CONNECTION MANUAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS AND DETAILS, SECTION 9 SEWER/DRAINAGE LINES 9.1 GENERAL This section covers the requirements for piping materials and installation in the Cedar Hills City sewer and drainage collection system. The moisture content at which a soil can be compacted to its maximum dry density with the least amount of comparative effort is called the optimum moisture content. Length of run = 856 ft. (Pipe Diameter lift thickness) + (Fill above pipe lift thickness) (1 lift) = 3) (36 in. True or false: A soil that contains a high percentage of fines is more affected by water that one with a low percentage of fines.
PDF Aashto Soil Classification Sheets - hldm4.lambdageneration.com Length of run = 275 ft. (Pipe Diameter lift thickness) + (Fill above pipe lift thickness) (1 lift) = 1) (48 in. JnqYj A"@. 1.02 REFERENCES, PART 1 - GENERAL Section 02702 SEWER PIPE INSTALLATION AND TESTING 1-1. As stated earlier, soils are made up of many different types, shapes and sizes of particles. Product data for drainage piping specialties. Fully insert pipe. %
The fill above the top of the regular backfill shall be installed and completed as specified for embankment construction. Virginia Department of Transportation documents: Road and Bridge Specifications and appropriate supplemental specifications Virginia Test Methods Manual Road and Bridge Standards. Table of Contents, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR PRIVATE BUILDING SEWER LINES IN PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS & CONSTRUCTION DETAILS MANUAL SECTION 5 - STORM DRAINAGE. Describe recommended installation procedures 4. VDOT: Soils and Aggregate Compaction. 57 stone can be used as a backfill in the sub foundation. f$C@PbYV-Q5];b:N U0[ @{ 5) Open only as much trench as can be safely maintained by available equipment. Contractor shall ensure that all permits are obtained prior to any construction. For written and proficiency exams, contact the community colleges to schedule either an in-person or remote exam. The cost estimates, SPECIFICATIONS FOR SEWER PIPE AND LINING INSERTION - TRENCHLESS; GENERAL GUIDELINES (As Provided by NASSCO) 1 Intent: The intent of trenchless sewer pipe Insertion is to rehabilitate the existing sewer. Try Now! Copyright 2023, VDOT. Structure Materials C. Installation D. Inlets and Outlets 08030 INSPECTIONS AND TESTING. Location B. Sizing TABLE OF CONTENTS 08020 MATERIALS A. 2. 2) Mechanical compacting ram: If a mechanical compacting ram is used, it must be calibrated to produce results This section covers excavation and trenching work and shall include the necessary clearing, grubbing, and preparation, BMP C220: Storm Drain Inlet Protection Purpose To prevent coarse sediment from entering drainage systems prior to permanent stabilization of the disturbed area. 200 sieve. All cracks shall be digitally scanned to allow for accurate measurement. There is a variety of pavement under/edge drains in the VDOT Road and Bridge Standards Volume 1 ( ) with each addressing a specific geometric condition and groundwater condition. STORM SEWERS 402.01. protection. 15) What end of the pipe system do you start installation? LD Instructional and Informational Memoranda.
Soils and Aggregate Compaction Homework.pdf - Course Hero Municode Library 402.02. Test pattern is to begin after the first 4 lift above bedding and continue to 1 foot above top of the pipe. Conducts and/or observe and document test on soils, asphalt, concrete, aggregates, bituminous products, metal products and industrial coatings. June 13th, 2018 - AASHTO AASHTO The AASHTO classification Classification of soils and soil aggregate mixtures for AASHTO system Or use comparable reference Guide Sheet 1 see Topics include permits and fees, trench widths, pipe laying, bedding, initial, SECTION 08000 STORM DRAINAGE 08010 DESIGN A. = 15 lifts 5) 15 ifts 2 (one test every other lift) = 7.5, round up to 8 tests in the top 5 ft. of backfill 6) Total tests required = (Number of test below 5 ft.) + (Number of test above 5 ft.) 7) = 11 tests required (minimum) NOTE: Compaction Tests are required on stone backfill (Class I backfill and bedding material); consult the District Materials Division for Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content targets for the specific material being used. Currently VDOT certified or Mid Atlantic Regional Technician Program (MARTCP) in the following disciplines: - Expected VDOT Certifications Soil and Aggregate Field Compaction Asphalt Field Hydraulic Cement Concrete Field Pavement Marking Flagger Certification Certification & Issuing Agency Soil and Aggregate Compaction - VDOT or NICET LEVEL II*
PDF 6 - Section 4 - Construction and Inspections - Henrico County, Virginia Links may open in a new window. After pipe installation and prior to backfilling, plugs shall be installed from the exterior of the pipe or box culvert and snugly seated. How many blows does each layer require? See the following table for VDOT recommendations. Dense graded aggregates are used in pavement to give the structure more strength. SECTION 02720 SANITARY SEWER AND STORM DRAIN SYSTEMS, Ohio Department of Transportation Division of Production Management Office of Geotechnical Engineering. VDOT states 75 years for higher functional classification roads and 50 years for lower functional classification roads. back to courses page. "Understanding soils is the key to becoming a well-rounded special inspector. Summary B. Submittals C. Site Information D. Sewer Pipe and Fittings E. Lateral Locations F. Lateral Installation G. Inspection Tee Installation H. Removal, SECTION 02630 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A. If the inspection is to be conducted with a video camera, the video camera shall have fully articulating lenses that will provide a 360 degree inspection of the pipe/culvert, including each joint and any deficient areas of the pipe/culvert, as well as a means to measure deformations/deflections of the pipe (items such as a laser range finder or other appropriate device for taking such measurements as specified herein and approved by the Engineer).